Certain Cosmological Models of C-field with variable cosmological constant Certain Cosmological Models of C-field with variable cosmological constant
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Abstract
A creation field cosmological model with variable cosmological constant is investigated in the framework of FRW space-time. We have taken into consideration that barotropic fluid is distributed throughout the universe in accordance with Hoyle and Narlikar [6]. To obtain the deterministic model, we assumed that Λ = 3α( ˙R^2 /R^2) +β( ¨R /R) , where R is the scaling factor. We find that while the creation field increases with time, the matter density remains constant due to the continuous production of new matter . Together with Λ ∼ 1/ t^2 , there is no particle horizon. In line with the findings of Riess et al. [24] and Perlmutter et al. [25], the model shows an expanding and accelerating universe.
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TIWARI, R. B. (2026). Certain Cosmological Models of C-field with variable cosmological constant. Journal of the Tensor Society, 20(01). https://doi.org/10.56424/jts.v20i01.203
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References
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[19] Bali, Raj, and Meghna Kumawat. ”C-field Barotropic Fluid Cosmological Model with Variable G in FRW space-time.” EJTP 8.25 (2011): 311-318.
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[21] Bali, Raj. ”Creation field cosmological models for dust distribution and time-dependent cosmological term (Λ) in Bianchi type II space-time.” International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 19.14 (2022): 2250233.
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[24] Riess, Adam G., et al. ”Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant.” The astronomical journal 116.3 (1998): 1009.
[25] Perlmutter, Saul, et al. ”Measurements of Ω and Λ from 42 highredshift supernovae.” The Astrophysical Journal 517.2 (1999): 565.
[26] Krauss, Lawrence M., and Michael S. Turner. ”The cosmological constant is back.” General Relativity and Gravitation 27 (1995): 1137-1144.
[27] Dreitlein, Joseph. ”Broken symmetry and the cosmological constant.” Physical Review Letters 33.20 (1974): 1243.
[28] Linde, Andrei D. ”Is the Lee constant a cosmological constant.” JETP Lett 19 (1974): 183.
[29] Bertolami, O. ”Time-dependent cosmological term.” Nuovo Cim., B 93.1 (1986): 36-42.
[30] Peebles, P. James E., and Bharat Ratra. ”The cosmological constant and dark energy.” Reviews of modern physics 75.2 (2003): 559.
[31] Berman, Marcelo Samuel. ”Cosmological models with variable gravitational and cosmological “constants”.” General Relativity and Gravitation 23 (1991): 465-469.
[32] Chen, Wei, and Yong-Shi Wu. ”Implications of a cosmological constant varying as R−2.” Physical Review D 41.2 (1990): 695.
[33] Beesham, Aroonkumar. ”Variable-G cosmology and creation.” International Journal of Theoretical Physics 25 (1986): 1295-1298.
[34] Bronnikov, K. A., A. Dobosz, and I. G. Dymnikova. ”Nonsingular vacuum cosmologies with a variable cosmological term.” Classical and Quantum Gravity 20.16 (2003): 3797.
[35] Wang, Peng, and Xin-He Meng. ”Can vacuum decay in our universe?.” Classical and Quantum Gravity 22.2 (2004): 283.
[36] Bali, Raj, and J. P. Singh. ”Bulk viscous Bianchi type I cosmological models with time-dependent cosmological term Λ.” International Journal of Theoretical Physics 47 (2008): 3288-3297.
[37] Singh, J. P., and R. K. Tiwari. ”An LRS Bianchi type-I cosmological model with time-dependent Λ term.” International Journal of Modern Physics D 16.04 (2007): 745-754.
[38] Bali, Raj, and Pratibha Singh. ”Bulk viscous Bianchi Type I barotropic fluid cosmological model with varying Λ and functional relation on Hubble parameter.” International Journal of Theoretical Physics 51.3 (2012): 772-777.
[39] Ram, Shri, and M. K. Verma. ”Bulk viscous fluid hypersurface–homogeneous cosmological models with time varying G and Λ.” Astrophysics and Space Science 330 (2010): 151-156.
[40] Abdussattar, and S. R. Prajapati. ”Role of deceleration parameter and interacting dark energy in singularity avoidance.” Astrophysics and Space Science 331 (2011): 657-663.
[41] Barrow, J.D., Shaw, D.J. The value of the cosmological constant. Gen Relativ Gravit 43(2011): 2555–2560 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-011-1199-1
[42] Singh, J. P., Prashant S. Baghel, and Abhay Singh. ”Perfect fluid Bianchi type-I cosmological models with time-dependent cosmological term Λ.” International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 15.08 (2018): 1850132.
[43] Alfedeel, Alnadhief HA, and Amare Abebe. ”Bianchi type-V solutions with varying G and Λ: the general case.” International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 17.06 (2020): 2050076.
[44] Tiwari, Rishi Kumar, De˘ger Sofuo˘glu, and Sateesh Kumar Mishra. ”Accelerating universe with varying Λ in f (R, T) theory of gravity.” New Astronomy 83 (2021): 101476.
[45] Bali, Raj, Pratibha Singh, and J. P. Singh. ”Bianchi type V viscous fluid cosmological models in presence of decaying vacuum energy.” Astrophysics and space science 341 (2012): 701-706.
[46] Tiwari, Ram Bharosha, and Sudhir Kumar Srivastava. ”CERTAIN COSMOLOGICAL MODELS WITH VARIATION OF HUBBLE PARAMETER.” South East Asian Journal of Mathematics & Mathematical Sciences 19.1 (2023).
[47] Tiwari, Ram & Srivastava, Sudhir.”ACCELERATING CONCIRCULARLYFLATSPACETIME.”Journal of Rajasthan Academy of Physical Sciences (JRAOPS) 20 (2021): 269-274.
[2] Arbab, Arbab I. ”FRW-type universe with vacuum energy density.” arXiv preprint gr-qc/9906045 (1999). https: //doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.gr-qc/9906045 [3] Al-Rawaf, A. S. ”A Cosmological model with a generalized cosmological constant.” Modern Physics Letters A 13.06 (1998): 429432.
[4] Matyjasek, Jerzy. ”Cosmological models with a time-dependent Λ term.” Physical Review D 51.8 (1995): 4154.
[5] Bondi, Hermann, and Thomas Gold. ”The steady-state theory of the expanding universe.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 108.3 (1948): 252-270.
[6] Hoyle, Fred, and J. V. Narlikar. ”The C-field as a direct particle field.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences 282.1389 (1964): 178-183.
[7] Narlikar, J. V. ”Singularity and matter creation in cosmological models.” Nature Physical Science 242.122 (1973): 135-136.
[8] Narlikar, J. V., and T. Padmanabhan. ”Creation-field cosmology: Apossible solution to singularity, horizon, and flatness problems.” Physical Review D 32.8 (1985): 1928.
[9] Abdussattar, Vishwakarma RG. ”A model of the universe with decaying vacuum energy.” Pramana J Phys 47 (1996): 41-55.
[10] Langacker, Paul. ”Grand unified theories and proton decay.” Physics Reports 72.4 (1981): 185-385.
[11] Abers, Ernest S., and Benjamin W. Lee. ”Gauge theories.” Physics Reports 9.1 (1973): 1-141.
[12] Gibbons, Gary W., and Stephen W. Hawking. ”Cosmological event horizons, thermodynamics, and particle creation.” Physical Review D 15.10 (1977): 2738.
[13] Pradhan, Anirudh, Vandana Rai, and Kanti Jotania. ”Inhomogeneous bulk viscous fluid universe with electromagnetic field and variable Λ-term.” Communications in Theoretical Physics 50.1 (2008): 279.
[14] Singh, T., and R. Chaubey. ”Cosmic no-hair conjecture in scalartensor theories.” Pramana 67 (2006): 1037-1041.
[15] Bali, Raj, and Shilpi Jain. ”The Bianchi type V magnetized string dust cosmological model in General Relativity.” International Journal of Modern Physics D 16.11 (2007): 1769-1781.
[16] Bali, Raj, and J. P. Singh. ”Bulk viscous Bianchi type I cosmological models with time-dependent cosmological term Λ.” International Journal of Theoretical Physics 47 (2008): 3288-3297.
[17] Bali, Raj, and Seema Tinker. ”Bianchi type-V bulk viscous barotropic fluid cosmological model with variable G and Λ.” Chinese Physics Letters 25.8 (2008): 3090.
[18] Raj, Bali, and Tikekar RS. ”C-field Cosmology with Variable G in the Flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker Model.” Chinese Physics Letters 24.11 (2007): 3290-3292.
[19] Bali, Raj, and Meghna Kumawat. ”C-field Barotropic Fluid Cosmological Model with Variable G in FRW space-time.” EJTP 8.25 (2011): 311-318.
[20] Ivanov, Rossen I., and Emil M. Prodanov. ”On the cosmological models with matter creation.” The European Physical Journal C 79.11 (2019): 973. 12
[21] Bali, Raj. ”Creation field cosmological models for dust distribution and time-dependent cosmological term (Λ) in Bianchi type II space-time.” International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 19.14 (2022): 2250233.
[22] Friedmann, A. Zeitschrift f¨ur Physik, 10, 377-386 (1922). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01332580 .
[23] Zel’dovich, Ya.B. The Cosmological Constant and the Theory of Elementary Particles. Soviet Physics Uspekhi, 11, 381-393 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1070/PU1968v011n03ABEH003927.
[24] Riess, Adam G., et al. ”Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant.” The astronomical journal 116.3 (1998): 1009.
[25] Perlmutter, Saul, et al. ”Measurements of Ω and Λ from 42 highredshift supernovae.” The Astrophysical Journal 517.2 (1999): 565.
[26] Krauss, Lawrence M., and Michael S. Turner. ”The cosmological constant is back.” General Relativity and Gravitation 27 (1995): 1137-1144.
[27] Dreitlein, Joseph. ”Broken symmetry and the cosmological constant.” Physical Review Letters 33.20 (1974): 1243.
[28] Linde, Andrei D. ”Is the Lee constant a cosmological constant.” JETP Lett 19 (1974): 183.
[29] Bertolami, O. ”Time-dependent cosmological term.” Nuovo Cim., B 93.1 (1986): 36-42.
[30] Peebles, P. James E., and Bharat Ratra. ”The cosmological constant and dark energy.” Reviews of modern physics 75.2 (2003): 559.
[31] Berman, Marcelo Samuel. ”Cosmological models with variable gravitational and cosmological “constants”.” General Relativity and Gravitation 23 (1991): 465-469.
[32] Chen, Wei, and Yong-Shi Wu. ”Implications of a cosmological constant varying as R−2.” Physical Review D 41.2 (1990): 695.
[33] Beesham, Aroonkumar. ”Variable-G cosmology and creation.” International Journal of Theoretical Physics 25 (1986): 1295-1298.
[34] Bronnikov, K. A., A. Dobosz, and I. G. Dymnikova. ”Nonsingular vacuum cosmologies with a variable cosmological term.” Classical and Quantum Gravity 20.16 (2003): 3797.
[35] Wang, Peng, and Xin-He Meng. ”Can vacuum decay in our universe?.” Classical and Quantum Gravity 22.2 (2004): 283.
[36] Bali, Raj, and J. P. Singh. ”Bulk viscous Bianchi type I cosmological models with time-dependent cosmological term Λ.” International Journal of Theoretical Physics 47 (2008): 3288-3297.
[37] Singh, J. P., and R. K. Tiwari. ”An LRS Bianchi type-I cosmological model with time-dependent Λ term.” International Journal of Modern Physics D 16.04 (2007): 745-754.
[38] Bali, Raj, and Pratibha Singh. ”Bulk viscous Bianchi Type I barotropic fluid cosmological model with varying Λ and functional relation on Hubble parameter.” International Journal of Theoretical Physics 51.3 (2012): 772-777.
[39] Ram, Shri, and M. K. Verma. ”Bulk viscous fluid hypersurface–homogeneous cosmological models with time varying G and Λ.” Astrophysics and Space Science 330 (2010): 151-156.
[40] Abdussattar, and S. R. Prajapati. ”Role of deceleration parameter and interacting dark energy in singularity avoidance.” Astrophysics and Space Science 331 (2011): 657-663.
[41] Barrow, J.D., Shaw, D.J. The value of the cosmological constant. Gen Relativ Gravit 43(2011): 2555–2560 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-011-1199-1
[42] Singh, J. P., Prashant S. Baghel, and Abhay Singh. ”Perfect fluid Bianchi type-I cosmological models with time-dependent cosmological term Λ.” International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 15.08 (2018): 1850132.
[43] Alfedeel, Alnadhief HA, and Amare Abebe. ”Bianchi type-V solutions with varying G and Λ: the general case.” International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 17.06 (2020): 2050076.
[44] Tiwari, Rishi Kumar, De˘ger Sofuo˘glu, and Sateesh Kumar Mishra. ”Accelerating universe with varying Λ in f (R, T) theory of gravity.” New Astronomy 83 (2021): 101476.
[45] Bali, Raj, Pratibha Singh, and J. P. Singh. ”Bianchi type V viscous fluid cosmological models in presence of decaying vacuum energy.” Astrophysics and space science 341 (2012): 701-706.
[46] Tiwari, Ram Bharosha, and Sudhir Kumar Srivastava. ”CERTAIN COSMOLOGICAL MODELS WITH VARIATION OF HUBBLE PARAMETER.” South East Asian Journal of Mathematics & Mathematical Sciences 19.1 (2023).
[47] Tiwari, Ram & Srivastava, Sudhir.”ACCELERATING CONCIRCULARLYFLATSPACETIME.”Journal of Rajasthan Academy of Physical Sciences (JRAOPS) 20 (2021): 269-274.